How did art evolve in humans?

Summary Considering the current and past cultural functions of art can reveal how it may have evolved in humans. Art uses a visual stimulus to evoke an emotional state, and/or to promote recall of past events or past emotional states. The use of art would have had clear benefits in early humans for communication, education, cooperation, … More How did art evolve in humans?

Are Humans Predisposed to Fear Snakes?

(A discussion of how fear and anxiety evolved in animals is found in my book.) Some animals are genetically programmed to fear their predators. Mice naturally fear cats; fish naturally fear birds. But what about humans? Are we naturally disposed to fear certain dangerous animals? It is certainly true that some things are feared more commonly than … More Are Humans Predisposed to Fear Snakes?

Did a Drop in Testosterone Civilize Modern Humans?

 Summary Anatomically modern humans first appeared around 200,000 years ago, but small changes in skull shape continued until around 50,000 years ago. A new study has revealed that several of the changes in the shape of the human face can be explained by a gradual drop in the levels of circulating testosterone. High testosterone is … More Did a Drop in Testosterone Civilize Modern Humans?